Surviving the Holocaust
Kavita Chhibber - February 21, 2006
Walking through the Holocaust Memorial Museum in Israel, a few months ago I could barely contain my tears, looking at the images of one of the biggest human tragedies, but
to talk to Holocaust survivor Werner Reich a couple of weeks ago and see his positive energy and humour, moved and inspired me beyond words.
I did this profile on him and in doing so realised, that the human will to overcome, is more powerful than we could ever imagine
Werner Reich was born in Germany, but moved to Yugoslavia with his family in 1933 at the age of six when his father, an engineer lost his job.
“Germany invaded Yugoslavia in 1941. I was thirteen then and my father had already died. My mother was an American citizen and had also won the Iron Cross from Germany for saving a bunch of German soldiers from being killed and had a citation which said that the gratitude of the fatherland will be with her forever. So she felt safe. However just as an extra precaution, she placed me with one family and my sister with another.” Werner move from one family to another, while his mother lived separately. People would start throwing garbage at him when they saw the Jewish star he wore, so Werner stayed in hiding for a year and a half. His sister was kicked out by the family she lived with because they felt it was unsafe to keep her with them. She managed to escape to Italy where she was captured and put in a concentration camp.
“I felt insecure though I did not know at that time that Croatia had opened its own concentration camp called Jasenovac. The numbers varied from 100 to 200,000 people in captivity and I have to this day never met anyone who went to that camp and came back alive.( “A report made by the new government under Tito, the National Committee of Croatia for the investigation of the crimes of the occupation forces and their collaborators, dated November 15, 1945 stated that 500,000-600,000 people were killed at the Jasenovac complex. These numbers were officially supported while Yugoslavia existed”- quoted information from Wikipedia).”
Werner says that the names of the Jews were changed in their passports-the men were given the last name Israel and women’s’ names were changed to Sarah and the letter, ”J” was added in capital letters. Meanwhile, Werner lived with the host family and his movements were very restricted. He worked with the family helping them develop films for the Partisans (The Yugoslav Partisans went under the official name of People's Liberation Army, and were considered by many as their only hope for survival-wikipedia).
“Then one morning there was a knock at the door. The Gestapo came and arrested the family, and beat the daylights out of me.” Werner says he had no concept about the Holocaust. “I had heard the phrase “concentration camp” but did not understand what it meant. I grew up in times when children were seen and not heard and these kinds of things were never discussed before us.”
Werner was beaten and placed in a basement for a few days, then transferred to a jail on the border of Croatia and Slovenia. “The place was overflowing with fleas and soon my body was completely swollen from bites. There were three other kids there with me-two were there for robbery and another had murdered his mother.” One day as he looked out of the window, Werner saw his mother in the prison yard sweeping. “I didn’t get to speak with her and that was the last time I saw her.”
After six weeks in that prison, Werner was moved to Vienna, spending a night in a burnt synagogue and then transferred to the famous Terezin concentration camp, where many Jews lived for a couple of years before being moved to other camps. According to Werner this camp was the one used by the Nazis to fool the International Red cross as well as the Swiss and Swedish authorities whenever they came to check if the Jews were being ill-treated. “It was a show case by the Germans when they were forced by the world to prove the Jews were doing okay. So sometimes whenever the authorities came around we were given decent meals. I worked there for 9 months making baskets and brooms or working on the large railway tracks. In four years about 60,000 Jews were shipped to Terezin and from there to the feared Auschwitz concentration camp where they were put in gas chambers and killed.”
Then came a day when Werner’s name was mentioned and he was loaded into a railroad cable car with others and sent to Auschwitz Berkenau one of the three main Auschwitz camps (there were almost 40 other sub camps). “We had to constantly stand in mud and were beaten very brutally by the German criminals delegated to supervise us. We could smell the hair and human flesh burning. There were about 5000 men from ages 15-16 till 40. One day Dr Mengle came in the camp. We had to strip and run past him. If he nodded the person was singled out. He started by selecting 300 men and then narrowed it down to 95. I was among them. All the other men were sent to the gas chambers.”
Werner was then sent to Auschwitz 1-a camp for murderers and hard core criminals but he was made to work in the stables tending the horses. “I remember how horribly cold it was. We were to report for work at 4 a.m. The Nazi criminals were given uniforms and sent to the Russian front to fight, the Jews remained behind. We were given a piece of bread and put on what was the death march. We would walk for two hours, stop and then start again. If any one fell they were shot. Soon there were people dying around us rapidly. The bread they gave us was frozen. This would go on all day and at night we slept in the stables and the next morning we would start marching again. When I was in the stables I used to eat some of the sugar beet they would give the horses, to keep my strength up.”
After 2 and a half days of marching, the Jews that remained were put in open railroad cars and shipped to Austria. There was nothing to eat for five days, and people were dying of cold and hunger. Werner and others were dropped off at the Mauthausen concentration camp in Austria and put in showers, where they collapsed. Werner’s frostbitten toes were amputated by a doctor who covered the stubs with pieces of paper as there were no bandages. There was no food; the prisoners were surrounded by Russians on one side and the Americans on the other.
“Eventually we were given pieces of moldy bread. I once stayed next to a dead man for three days so I could get his share of food. There were times we lay near dead people and cracked jokes in different languages which I translated. It seems bizarre but we had to keep our spirits up and our faith that we will live.” Finally the Americans came and freed the prisoners. They were not expecting to see anyone alive and fed the prisoners from the military ration.” I got a can of chewing tobacco and ate it all not knowing what it was.” Werner got the dreaded diarrhea that had killed so many Jews earlier and was very ill. He was given a certificate and told he was free to leave the camp. “There was no fan fare, no feeling of ah I’m free at last. I was sick. I hitchhiked my way to Yugoslavia. No body said oh let me give you a soft bed; in fact I couldn’t sleep on the mattress they gave me. It was too soft. I ended up sleeping on the carpet for a week.” Werner ended up living in a communist state for 2 years before migrating to Great Britain where he had an uncle. His sister was liberated by the British army a year after her capture and imprisonment in the detention camp.She moved to America and they did meet again.
For Werner freedom came but with it the realization that he had to transition to adulthood very quickly. “I had absolutely no teenage years. From 13 to 15 I was in hiding, from 15 to 17 I was in concentration camps and from 17 to 19 in a communist state. At 19 I come to England and am told essentially-welcome to the world, you are now an adult and you better know how to make a living otherwise you are going to starve to death. I had had no education and I had to learn a trade to survive.” For ten years Werner worked during the day and went to school at night and eventually became an industrial engineer working for the food industry.
When asked what it that kept him optimistic was, he says “When you are young you have an extremely positive and optimistic attitude. You never think at 15 or 16 or even at 20 that you are not going to make it. You feel pretty invincible. That is why we have so many young people stupid enough to drive their cars at such high speeds. Not every one was like me though and many people threw themselves against the electric wires and died. There really was no way to escape with dogs, guns, barbed electric wires surrounding us and even if you managed how far would you go in a prison uniform and a number and no money?”
There were attempted escapes but people were eventually found out, tortured and killed. “Along with them the rest of us were punished to deter us. While the search was going on the rest of us had to do non stop push ups in the mud. One guy on being found, was put in a barrel, nailed from outside and then thrown down a hill.”
Werner move to America in 1955 and has been a popular speaker in schools and colleges. He says initially he would get questions like “What did you do over a weekend in the camp. Did you have an exercise room? “It was my wife who reminded me that young children of today, have no understanding of a concentration camp and were confusing it with a summer camp. I started using about 40 overheads but instead of showing them gory pictures of bodies, I would show them pictures of the inside of a toilet, a picture of a box of wedding rings or pictures of women with their heads shorn off. That made a greater impact I think without horrifying them.”
Werner also ended up meeting some people who were in the camps at the same time as him and read of a magician who had passed away. “I realized he was the same man who had taught me magic tricks in Auschwitz.”
What is that has kept him so cheerful and not scarred by his past?
“I think Jews, because they have been persecuted for thousands of years, have developed a strong sense of optimism and humor in the way they look at life. I also think we have a certain degree of forgiveness as well. I have always believed that you have to remain optimistic to be healthy and productive.”
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Posted by Kavita Chhibber at February 21, 2006 05:20 PM
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“I’m not a sage, one of the elect, nor a saint. I’m just and ordinary creature of flesh and blood. I’ve got eyes, too, and I can see what they’re doing here. Where is the divine mercy? Where is God? How can I believe, how could anyone believe, in this merciful God?” (Wiesel, Elie. ‘Night.’ New York: Bantam, 1960, p. 73).
There was no Land of Oz in Buchenwald. This writing was not on the walls, but the clawing handprints were . . .
May the Lord forgive, all of us.
Considering Europe’s horrific past . . .
Iran does not have nuclear weapons, nor any near-term capability of acquiring them. We need now, more than ever in the history of our race, to use this beautiful power of reasoning the Lord most graciously bequeathed us: NOW, before it is too late. Pre-emptive wars, concentration camps of Arabs (we, the people, do not know what is going on in any of these various prisons . . .), and people get three years in prison for denying the holocaust: so much for ‘free speech!’
The Middle Way indeed seems impossible to find.
peace
hi kavita,
Thanks for this post. We all need to be reminded, to be humbled. To pity ourselves in perspective.
One amazing statistic to me I read was that in the Holocaust, the ethnic group of the Gypsies lost a greater percentage of people than the Jewish people in the Holocaust.
Hi,
To quote from Dennis Prager's book "Why the Jews, the reason for Antisemitism"
"By 1945, Hitler murdered almost 7 out of every 10 Jews on the European Continent. In some countries, the Nazis murdered nearly every Jew. To cite the two most extreme examples, in Poland, the Nazis murdered 3 million Jews out of prewar jewish population of 3.3 million and in Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, 228,000 out of 253,000. 6 million Jews murdered by the Nazis came from 21 European countries."
Can you please cite your sources Hi?
Steve
Thank you for this inspiring post. It certainly puts my daily worries in perspective :-)
Recently read a book by Viktor Frankl who is another holocaust victim. That too is truly awesome!
very inspiring !
Very good article
Sorry this is such a long article, however, I believe this is an accurate picture of why Jews, including myself are very insecure, especially these days and why I bristle when I hear that Israel needs to be more tolerant. We hear over and over again why we must understand the Muslim world, well ok fine, but to be fair let's try to understand the Jewish world as well. I would hope that Deepak reads this as well. Thanks so much Kavita for this inspiring post on Mr. Reich:
By Dennis Prager:
On Jan. 21 in Paris, a gang of Muslims intent on kidnapping Jews kidnapped 23-year-old Ilan Halimi. Reciting verses from the Koran in phone conversations demanding money from the family, they ultimately rejected the money and tortured Halimi to death. They kept him naked for weeks while they cut him up and finally poured flammable liquid over his skin and burned him alive.
When Jews read this story, they see themselves as Halimi and think that such a thing could happen to them somewhere in the world today and somewhere in the world at any time in the past.
If you want to understand how Jews think and behave, you must first understand how large antisemitism and the Holocaust loom in the psyche, emotions and minds of the vast majority of Jews.
It could not be otherwise.
While ethnic, racial, religious and national hatreds are as old as mankind, none has been as universal and as deep as hatred of Jews.
Jew-hatred was given the name "anti-Semitism" only in 1879 by a German anti-Semite named Wilhelm Marr. The term is entirely misleading since it has nothing to do with "Semites." Jews may be Semites, but so are Arabs, and antisemitism never meant hatred of Arabs, only of Jews. That is why many contemporary writers, including my coauthor (Rabbi Joseph Telushkin) and I in our book "Why the Jews? The Reason for Antisemitism," do not spell the word "anti-Semite," but rather as one word without a hyphen -- "antisemite."
Jew-hatred or antisemitism has been so deep that tens of millions of people have equated the Jews with the devil and many more have desired that the Jews be erased from the Earth. Such an attempt was made only one generation ago in what is called the Holocaust (or Shoah, the Hebrew term). This was the German Nazi attempt to murder every Jewish man, woman and child, which resulted in the murder of two out of every three Jews in Europe.
To give an idea of how many Jews have been murdered for being Jews, all one needs to do is look at population statistics. Scholars estimate the population of the Roman Empire at about 60 million at the time of Jesus. According to the dean of Jewish historians, Professor Salo Baron, at that time Jews comprised about 10 percent of the population. That means that 2,000 years ago there were about 6 million Jews. It is also estimated that at that time, the world's population was about 200 million.
Today the world's population is over 6 billion. While the world's population is about 30 times larger than 2,000 years ago, the Jewish population has barely doubled. Had Jews been left alone to procreate at the same rate as others, there would be about 180 million Jews in the world today. Moreover, even the 6 million number for the Roman empire represented a huge loss of population due to extensive killing of Jews in the 12 centuries from their inception.
It is true that Jewish population losses have been also due to assimilation, but this assimilation was itself overwhelmingly a result of persecution -- forced conversions, desire to lead a far safer life as part of the majority culture, etc. In fact, because of the Holocaust, there are fewer Jews today than there were 100 years ago.
One can now understand why the Passover Haggadah -- the special prayer book for the Passover Seder meal, first written about 2,000 years ago -- contains this famous statement: "In every generation there are those who rise against us to annihilate us . . . "
As a result, Jews are probably the most insecure group in the world. This may come as a surprise to most non-Jews since Jews are widely regarded as particularly powerful. But Jews' power and Jews' insecurity are not mutually contradictory. In fact, Jews' power derives in large measure from their insecurity. The stronger the Jews' influence, Jews believe, the less likely they are to be hurt again.
Fear of being hurt again is the major reason most identifying Jews are so protective of Israel. First, they fear that without Israel, Jews are far more vulnerable to another outburst of antisemitic violence. And this has been true. Israel, for example, was Soviet Jewry's great defender (along with America and Diaspora Jewry) and the place to escape to. Only a very strong Israel, Jews believe, can prevent another Holocaust. Second, Jews believe that Arabs and other Muslims want to do to Israel and its Jewish inhabitants what the Nazis did to the Jews. And given the Palestinians' desire to destroy Israel, the Iranian regime's repeated calls for the annihilation of Israel, and the number of Muslims who chant, "Death to Israel," this fear is entirely warranted.
Fear of being persecuted and even murdered solely for being a Jew resides in just about every Jew's psyche. It helps to explain Jews' preoccupation with Israel; Jews' preoccupation with teaching the world about the Holocaust; Jews' fear of Christianity -- most Jews are taught about European Christian antisemitism at a very young age and link Christianity to the Holocaust; and even Jews' near-religious commitment to liberalism, which most Jews see as the best guarantor against antisemitism. An increasing number of Jews are rethinking the latter two conclusions as a result of Christian treatment of Jews in America and Christian support for Israel and because of the lack of such support on the Left. But whatever one's position on these matters, the fact remains that fear of pogroms, torture, expulsions and mass murder shapes most Jews' psyches and politics.
Wow! Thanks for posting such an inspirational story
Very inspiring article...as in our life's we see it is very easy to cricize and hate people then to forgive them...
If we all see people as individual's and try to know them...last month i was taking care of a very frail 55 year old hospice patient.He has only 3 months to live...and we started talking.He had never smoked a cigrette,never touched alcohol..was married for more than 30 years and had a lovely family...He kept talking about his wife and pregnant daughter.How he will miss the birth of his first grandchild...
His last wish was to leave the hospital and go home!!!which is to bethleham...and he wants to die there...
I came home and did my prayers and prayed that he fulfills his last wish.....
It is very sad to see people die of uncurable disease and how you do your best to save them....and then you read somewhere someone was kidnapped totured and killed.Somewhere a bomb exploded and healthy people died...for no reason...just by being in wrong place ata wrong time
yes, so many incurable diseases; and it would seem the disease hate, is still a gaping wound in our world.
Andaleeb, did this man get to go home, to find his eternal rest there? I pray with you and him; that it becomes a wish fulfilled before his eyes close into eternal slumbar!
As I struggle with seven years thus far, with an incurable disease from an invizible bacteria(helicobacter pylori)the only known human carcinogen known to cause cancer of the human body;
I struggle too, like that man; to adjust to the path.. that void we are suddenly thrust into where fear and loss's of faith are tested to the extreme..where body-pain is a force, to drive one mad...
just as anyone suffering does; we pin-ball across the board of our fears and wants, with a new insight, like a sudden desperation for emotional survival; into fields we'd never walked and feared to find ourself treading on..
like Werner's day of "captivity"; we all instinctively fear being captured(in any regard.)
this is a very dark road one walks alone "with" their Spirit, and with that; if Grace becomes within, when fear is dispersed;
we accept, and we inherently, know peace within..we therfor do/change what we can, in now knowing the difference(gentle smiles.)
it becomes a tool of courage and strength;
the willingness to adapt to endure hell, and to survive!
I resonate with both the pain of body, the pain of mind and heart, and the tugs on the Spirit;
because, the human Spirit, as we can see by Werner Reich's story, is one of triumph and survival, of Higher, and Divine Missions..
so, that one day, Werner Reich's story will be known as facts; that hate and war is an un-ending wrong,
and goes against the very fibre and essence of what makes us human and not animals!
Andaleeb,,I hope this man gets to go home..
North
Aloha Steve
I am sure you are familiar with Viktor Frankl book Man Search for Meaning. It can be downloaded on audible.com. It is a wonderful listen of his experience of the concentrate camps. Viktor Frankl of course lost his young wife, sister I believe and his parents. He said that we don’t here enough from the survivors because what they had to do to survive.. And I am sure you are familiar with the Miligrams Experiment, which spotlighted our duality mind. The Stanford Experiment that Deepak put in his book, Peace Is the Way also spotlighted our duality mind. I love how Deepak share when we give up our duality mind we will end war.
I had posted a piece from Bruce Lipton’s book, New Biology of Belief on another site and was reminded about it from another poster this morning. I don’t know if you remember the movie Shine but I saw it eight or nine times. One of my friends couldn’t sit through the bathroom scene where the father ridiculed his son. He left the movie and didn’t come back. It took me about six times to see the father as a actor because of my traumatized upbringing. I too lived in fear of being seen or heard like the young man in Shine. The other poster rented the DVD and he reminded me of the empathy and compassion I had for the father after the eight or ninth time I saw the movie. It is to go beyond duality thinking of right or wrong no matter what is done in the guise of love. This is what I posted from Bruce Lipton’s book:
Dr. Lipton in his book "The New Biology" shares uses the movie Shine to share about our war with duality thinking:
“The futility of battling with the subconscious is a hard message to get across because one of the programs most of us downloaded when we were youth is that “will power is admirable.” So we try over and over again to override the subconscious program. Usually such efforts are met with varying degrees of resistance because the cells are obligated to adhere to the subconscious program.
Tensions between conscious will power and subconscious programs can result in serious neurological disorders. For me, a powerful image of why we should not challenge the subconscious comes from the movie “Shine.” In the movie, based on a true story, Australian concert pianist David Helfgott defies his father by going off to London to study music. Helfgott’s father, a survivor of the Holocaust, programmed his son’s subconscious mind with the belief that the world was unsafe, that if he “stood out” it might be life threatening. His father insisted he would be safe only if he stayed close to his family. In spite of his father’s relentless programming, Helfgott knew that he was a world-class pianist who needed to break from his father to realize his dream.
In London, Helfgott played the notoriously difficult, “Third Piano Concerto” of Rachmaninoff in a competition. The film shows the conflict between his conscious mind wanting success and his subconscious mind concerned that being visible, being internationally recognized, was life threatening. As he labors through the concerto, sweat pouring from his brow, Helfgott’s conscious mind fights to stay in control, while his subconscious mind, fearful of winning, tries to take control of his body. Helfgott consciously forces himself to maintain control through the concerto until he plays the last note. He then passes out, overcome by the energy it took to battle his subconscious programming. For that “victory” over the subconscious, he pays a high price: When he comes to, he is insane.”
Mahalo Steve for your essence. You make a difference where I know we are much more than a world of senses, time, mind and form. When we see the sanity in our brother we become sane. love patty
Kavita,
Thanks for the wonderful post. Mr. Reich has much to teach all of us about he resilience of the human Spirit, and the ability to still love after so much hardship and suffering.
Steve,
Thanks for the article by Dennis Prager; I would very much like to read his book.
It's easy to imagine how much Israel means to the Jews when you take into account the horrors of WWII. After suffering so much loss and the instability of places that Jews thought were their homes it is so important that there is a place to call their own.
Peace,
Scott.
Thank you every one for your comments. Steve, perhaps the most heart warming thing about the Jewish community is that inspite of looking over their shoulders they are a community that truly knows how to love life and appreciate their blessings, and that while they don't forget, they have the dynamism and pragamatism to move on and be the best they can be.
Each time I meet someone like Werner Reich I cannot but admire the strength of human spirit, and I often try and remember stories like his, stories of inspiration and courage, in the moments when things are not going my way and I'm feeling a bit sorry for myself.
Thank you for the informative post.
Thank you North, Pallavi, Hi, Craig, Scott, Andaleeb, Patty, Matt, Seema, Dipan and Ameythst..
Andaleeb, am in your state right now.headed back on sunday..
Steve,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porajmos
Of course these are fractions. The fraction I like to use is 100% were my people. And 100% are my people.
Thank you Hi for sharing this important link, I really appreciate it and the world should know that it wasn't just Jews that suffered in the Holocaust. Very touched.
Steve
Dear Kavita
You certainly have a wonderful way of understanding the heart of everyone's posts, thank you and Shalom :)
Hi Scott, I think you will enjoy Dennis's book and also Patty's recommendation of Viktor Frankl's Man's Search for Meaning... even during a Holocaust! What I take from his book is how he looks at the human race, the decent and let's say not so decent.
Aloha Patty, I will need to spend more time to absorb your amazing post and will need to watch Shine again, it's been so long! I agree sanity will breed more sanity, and it's our job on this planet to bring both decency and sanity. Much appreiciated.
Love all,
Steve
Aloha Steve
I was so amazed when Bruce Lipton use Shine in his book New Biology of Belief. His book is an interesting read. In cloning cells he learned in just changing the environment the cells thrived. Which in essence is our thought process and it is not just stepping out of the box, which we all witnessed in Shine. You can listen to Bruce Lipton online for free on Beyond the Ordinary dot net. We are all learning to love abstract thought and live in harmony like the 5 trillion cells in our body. I love talking to my cells today how I am going to be accountable in my sense, time, mind and form world. love patty
Steve,
I read Frankl's book back in my 20's (ummm...a long time ago :) and it was very meaningful and important at that time in my life. I will pick up Prager's book this weekend.
Peace,
Scott.
Thank you everyone. Hi, thank you for adding the link. Just got back after a long day. I will sit and read it tonight.
Thank you Steve, Patty thank you also for your posts.
I'll also post a wonderful profile of the amazing tourist guide we had during our trip to Israel. He said he wanted me to see Israel through his eyes and I did just that for a couple of hours as he spoke about his life, his pride and why he will move on but cannot forget.
Looking forward to the story of your pilgrimmage, Kavita, through the eyes of a great guide! I"m sure you got to see and learn of history; that few other tourists on pilrimmage, get to see b/c of this guide..
North
North,
I don't know but hopefully he did...
Kavita...good to have you here and BTW weather just turned very very windy...
I hope sudha is doing well...
Enjoy the trip...
Thanks Andaleeb,
I left a heavily foggy, rainy and cold Atlanta and found myself standing at the airport in detroit in what was definitely a much nicer day. It did get a bit windy last evening, but we spent the major part of the day in the hospital getting sudha's port implanted, for chemo which she begins on the 2nd.
She did well and slept after we came back, pretty nonstop thanks to the demerol!
Its a full working day today, and a very sunny one. ..I think it was supposed to snow today.
Aloha Kavita
Still praying for Suha, love patty
WE had an earthquake near Ottawa, stretching to Quebec!! I'm 27 miles form Q-border..didn't feel anything, but this part of the country has been having them lately!! this was an estimated 4-4.5 on the richter...we had one this summer here in town.
That one, we felt..and it was smaller than this recent one. also, expecting some snow squalls!
Mother Nature is restless and maybe cantankerous?
North
This is a very powerful message. Tomorrow my class will actually hear this man speak. I do not know if I look foward to it or not. One thing I know is that I will nver be the same...
April 17, 2006
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Recent Comments
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Ani commented on Surviving the Holocaust
This is a very powerful message. Tomorrow my cl
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North commented on Surviving the Holocaust
WE had an earthquake near Ottawa, stretching to
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patty commented on Surviving the Holocaust
Aloha Kavita
Still praying for Suha, lo
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kavita chhibber commented on Surviving the Holocaust
Thanks Andaleeb,
I left a heavily foggy, -
Andaleeb commented on Surviving the Holocaust
North,
I don't know but hopefully he di
wow! Powerful messages here! Great tribute Kavita; to the man, to the reason, to the triumphant Spirit!
North